FREE AMINO ACIDS OF RAT BLOOD PLASMA AFTER SINGLE ADMINISTRATION SUB TOXIC DOSE OF ZINC ASPARTATE
Sheybak V.M., Pauliukavets A.Yu., Doroshenko E.M.
UDC: 546.47.004.14:615.2
Abstract: Objective. To analyze the change in the spectrum of amino acid in blood plasma of rats after single administration sub toxic dose of zinc diaspartae. Methods. The experiment was carried out on 29 female rats weighing 120-140 g. The animals were divided into 2 groups: 1st control group (n=8) - saline solution was administered intragastrically (0.9% sodium chloride solution), 2nd group of animals (n=21) zinc diaspartate was administered in a similar manner at a dose of 500 mg/kg of mass. The animals were decapitated 15, 30, and 90 minutes after the administration of the zinc diaspartate. Plasma was used for the analysis; the determination of free amino acids was carried out by the reverse phase HPLC method. Results. A single administration of zinc diaspartate reduced the total content of free amino acids and their nitrogen-containing metabolites, proteinogenic, essential and non-essential amino acids after 30 minutes., it should be noted that the concentrations of glucogenic amino acids (aspartate, serine, glycine, and valine) decreased 90 minutes following a single injection of zinc diaspartate, which is probably due to the indirect effects of zinc cations on energy metabolism. The introduction of zinc diaspartate reduces the content of amino acids with a branched carbon chain, which may indicate anabolic effects of zinc. Conclusions. A single intragastric administration of zinc diaspartate at a dose of 500 mg/kg quickly leads to a decrease in the total amount of free amino acids and their nitrogen-containing metabolites in rat blood plasma. The most pronounced fluctuations in the concentration of free amino acids are observed 30 minutes following the administration of zinc diaspartate. Reduced concentrations of amino acids and nitrogen-containing metabolites in the blood plasma may probably indicate their increased transport in the tissue or their retention in cells.
Key words: аминокислоты, цинка диаспартат, плазма крови, amino acids, zinc diaspartate, blood plasma
EFFECTS OF HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA ON THE POOL OF LOW-MOLECULAR WEIGHT SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN RAT LIVER
Novogrodskaya Ya.I., Doroshenko Ye.M., Kurbat M.N.
UDC: 577.112.386.5:[612.359]-092.9
Abstract: Objective. To evaluate the effects of hyperhomocysteinemia in rats induced by forced methionine load on the components of the pool of low-molecular weight sulfur-containing compound and metabolically bound free amino acids in the liver. Methods. Cysteic and cysteinesulfinic acids, serine, glycine, hypotaurine, taurine, methionine, cystothionine, homocysteic acid in blood plasma and liver of rats were determined by reversed-phase HPLC with percolumn derivatization by о -phthalaldehyde and 3-mercaptopropionic acid and detection by fluorescence. Determination of homocysteine, cysteine, cyseinylglycine, γ-glutamylcysteine and glutathione in blood plasma and liver of rats was performed by reversed-phase HPLC after pre-column derivatization by ammonium-7-fluorobenzene-2-oxo-1,3-diazole-4-sulfonate and fluorescence detection. Assay of Mat1a (S-adenosylmethionine synthase) in blood plasma was done by ELISA. Results. Prolonged methionine load induced hyperhomocyseinemia as well as increase of the levels of hypotaurine and taurine in blood plasma of rats. Simultaneously, the levels of serine and glycine decreased in both plasma and liver of rats. Under hyperhomocysteinemia in the liver of rats an increase of the levels of homocysteic and cysteinesulfinic acids as well as of homocysteine, cystathionine, hypotaurine and glutathione was demonstrated. Conclusion. Taurine synthesis in both liver and plasma preferably occurrs through decarboxylation of cysteic acid. Homocysteine concentration in the blood plasma has no correlations with its liver content neither in control nor in experimental group of animals.
Key words: низкомолекулярные серосодержащие соединения, гомоцистеин, плазма, печень, метиониновая нагрузка, low-molecular weight sulfur-containing compounds, homocysteine, plasma, liver, methionine load
THE EFFECT OF L-NAME ON THE SPECTRUM OF FREE AMINO ACIDS AND BIOGEN AMINES
IN HYPPOCAMPUS OF RATS UNDERGOING SUBTOTAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA
Razvodovsky Y.E., Smirnov V.Y., Doroshenko E.M., Korotkevich T.V., Maksimovich N.Ye., Semenenya I.N., Pereverzev V.A.
UDC: 616.441.577.112
Abstract: Objective. The aim of this study was to estimate the changes in the pool of free amino acids and their derivatives in hippocampus of rats undergoing subtotal cerebral ischemia (SCI) and treated with L-NAME. Methods. The experiment was held on 18 rats: 12 animals underwent bilateral filament occlusion of carotid arteries; L-NAME was administrated to 6 of them. The analyses of free amino acids and their derivate levels in the blood plasma extracts were carried out by reversed-phase HPLC. Results. Subtotal cerebral ischemia induced imbalance in the pool of amino acids and their derivates in hippocampus (including phenylalanine, histidine, glutamine, tyrosine, and bran chain amino acids (BCAA), as well as the activity of serotonin and dopamine system. Administration of L-NAME partially prevented the imbalance of the amino acids pool, caused by SCI. Conclusions. Preventive injection of L-NAME alleviates the imbalance in the pool of free amino acids and biogenic amines in hippocampus caused by SCI, normalizes the serotonin system, decreases the level of tyrosine and share of the replaceable components of free amino acids pool.
Key words: аминокислоты, биогенные амины, гиппокамп, субтотальная ишемия головного мозга, L-NAME, amino acids, biogenic amines, hippocampus, subtotal cerebral ischemia, L-NAME
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE NEURONS OF THE PARIETAL BRAIN CORTEX OF RATS WITH SUBTOTAL AND TOTAL ISCHEMIA
Bon L.I., Maksimovich N.E., Zimatkin S.M.
UDC: 616.831.31-005.4.-092.913:618.33
Abstract: Objective. Comparative analysis of histological changes in neurons of the parietal cortex of rats under conditions of subtotal and total ischemia. Methods. The experiments were performed on 20 females of outbred white rats. Subtotal cerebral ischemia was modeled by ligation of both common carotid arteries under conditions of intravenous thiopental anesthesia. Total cerebral ischemia was modeled by decapitation. Brain was taken one hour and one day after modeling cerebral ischemia. Results. A comparative analysis of histological disorders of neurons in the conditions of subtotal and total ischemia revealed a decrease in their size and a change in shape, the development of pericellular edema. The changes detected during subtotal ischemia after 1 day are generally similar to the disorders in the group with total ischemia within 1 hour, but less pronounced. Conclusion. The obtained data on histological changes in neurons of the cerebral cortex during subtotal and total cerebral ischemia are important for further study of the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage, creating a morphological basis for establishing the mechanisms of transition of neurons from one functional state, that is reversible, to another - the irreversible
Key words: теменная кора, нейроны, ишемия, parietal cortex, neurons, ischemia
INFLUENCE OF L-NAME ON CHANGES IN OXIDATIVE STRESS INDICATORS AND MORPHOFUNCTIONAL BRAIN DISORDERS IN RATS WITH SUBTOTAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA
Maksimovich N.Ye., Bon E.I., Troyan E.I.
UDC: 616.831.31-005.4.-092.913:618.33
Abstract: Objective. Study of morphological and functional disorders of neurons of the cerebral cortex and changes in the prooxidant-antioxidant state in rats with subtotal cerebral ischemia under conditions of administration of an inhibitor of NO synthase L-NAME. Methods. The experiments were performed on 94 white outbred rats: 40 female rats with subtotal cerebral ischemia and the introduction of L-NAME. The animals were decapitated after 60 minutes of ischemia. In rats, morphological and functional changes in the neurons of the parietal cortex and the CA1 field of the hippocampus, and indicators of oxidative stress were studied. Results. Brain ischemia is characterized by the activation of prooxidant mechanisms. The introduction of L-NAME increases the degree of oxidative stress, under which there is a violation of cellular metabolism and deformation of neurons bodies. Conclusion. Subtotal cerebral ischemia leads to the activation of oxidative mechanisms and the development of morphofunctional disorders of the cerebral cortex, and the introduction of a non-selective inhibitor of NO synthase L-NAME exacerbated these disorders.
Key words: L-NAME, нейроны, ишемия, окислительный стресс, neurons, ischemia, oxidative stress
PHARMACOLOGICAL PRECONDITIONING: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS
Novikov V.E., Levchenkova O.S., Pozhilova E.V.
UDC: 615.035.4
Abstract: Objective. Analysis of pharmacological preconditioning effectiveness as a method of an organism tolerance increase to subsequent ischemia/hypoxia, evaluation of its potential and prospects for clinical use. Methods. Collection, systematization and analysis of current scientific research and results of own research about the problem. Results. The review of the experimental and clinical studies on the effectiveness of pharmacological preconditioning with a detailed preconditioned ability analysis of pharmacological agents is presented. Drugs initiating endogenous metabolic adaptation and potentiating the effect of physical preconditioning by affecting the trigger, signal or effector stages of preconditioning are considered. It is shown that drugs of different pharmacological groups such as agents for inhalation narcosis, opioid analgesics, agonists of adenosine receptors, antagonists of excitatory amino acids, activators of ATP-dependent mitochondrial potassium channels, mitochondrial pore inhibitors, inducers of the transcription factors, erythropoietin preparations, bioflavonoids, drugs with antihypoxic action can play the role of preconditioning inducers. Examples of successful preconditioning with pharmacological agents are given. The prospects of pharmacological preconditioning applied in clinical practice in hypoxia and ischemia are discussed. Conclusion. Pharmacological preconditioning, as a method of increase of ischemic and hypoxic tolerance of an organism is a promising scientific direction in medicine. With the help of pharmacological agents it is possible not only to initiate, but also to potentiate endogenous adaptive reactions of an organism to the hypoxia/ischemia action. This allows to develop effective ways to increase the resistance to hypoxia/ischemia by optimizing the schemes of pharmacological preconditioning, pharmacological potentiation of physical forms of preconditioning and combined preconditioning. The development of effective methods of preconditioning with pharmacological agents will significantly improve the prevention and treatment of many diseases in pathogenesis of which there is hypoxia and ischemia.
Key words: прекондиционирование, фармакологическое прекондиционирование, антигипоксанты, гипоксия, ишемия, preconditioning, pharmacological preconditioning, antihypoxants, hypoxia, ischemia
METHOD FOR MAKING STATISTICAL DECISIONS ABOUT CONDITIONS CAUSED BY PHARMACOLOGICAL EXPOSURE BASED ON THE MINIMUM AVERAGE RISK CRITERION
Lyamets L.L., Evseev A.V., Danilov A.I.
UDC: 519 253
Abstract: Objective. To develop a method for making statistical decisions about the state of the body and biological systems caused by pharmacological effects, based on the criterion of the minimum expected average risk. When conducting pharmacological studies, it may be necessary to determine the state of the studied object under conditions of uncertainty, when the direct signs necessary to identify the state are unknown. The method is intended for use in biomedical research, in practical medical activities related to the differential diagnosis of diseases, as well as for the identification of conditions caused by pharmacological effects. Method. The developed method consists of successive steps, the implementation of which is aimed at the formal presentation of information about the investigated object and the subsequent processing of this information to make a decision about its condition. For the formal description and presentation of information about the studied object, the following mathematical constructions are developed: the set of possible states of the studied object; many valid statistical decisions; loss function; many implementations of an additional experiment necessary to clarify knowledge about the object under study; matrix of conditional probabilities for possible experimental implementations related to the states of the object under study. A statistical decision on the state of the investigated object is made on the basis of the analysis of these mathematical structures. For information processing and decision making, the decisive functions and the corresponding risk functions are determined. The criterion for the decision is the minimum expected average risk. As a result of the calculations, a decision is made about the state of the object under study, which corresponds to the decisive function that provides the minimum average risk. Results. As a result of the study, an algorithm for the formal presentation and conversion of a priori information about the object of the study into information that will make it possible to make an informed decision about its condition is determined. The developed algorithm is the essence of the method of finding a statistical decision on the state of the investigated object based on the criterion of minimum average risk. The identification of the state of the object under study is considered for such a situation when direct signs that accurately determine the state of the object of the study cannot be measured and determined for objective reasons, and indirect signs obtained as a result of an additional experiment and clarifying knowledge are probabilistic. Conclusion. The study made it possible to develop a method for substantiating and making a statistical decision aimed at identifying the state of the object of the study in conditions of uncertainty, when a priori information and information on indirect signs obtained as a result of an additional experiment is probabilistic. In this case, the object is understood as a living organism or biological system, and its possible states to be identified can be caused by the corresponding diseases or pharmacological effects. The developed method, in addition to its main purpose, can also be used as a criterion for evaluating the information content of possible refinement experiments. The method for identifying the state of objects on the basis of the criterion of minimum average risk may be of practical interest for scientists carrying out research in the field of pharmacology and evidence-based medicine, using statistical methods for analyzing experimental data and making statistical decisions in their work.
Key words: статистические решения, решающая функция, функция потерь, фармакологическое воздействие, функция риска, средний риск, случайная величина, вероятность события, statistical solutions, decision function, loss function, pharmacological impact, risk function, average risk, random variable, event probability
FEATURES OF CARDIAC PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY OSTEOARTHRITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Feiskhanova L.I., Ibragimova L.G., Tyutyugina Yu.V.
UDC: 616.12-07
Abstract: Objective: to identify the features of cardiac pathology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in combination with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. The study involved 282 patients with RA and secondary OA developed against its background. The first group includes patients, undergoing endoprosthetics of at least one of major joints in relation to marked OA, the 2nd - 234 patients with RA and secondary OA of 1-3 functional class, who did not require the endoprosthetics. Exclusion criteria were a reliable presence of organic pathology of the heart, malignant rhythm disturbances. All patients underwent the following studies: detection of the level of rheumatoid factor, circulating immune complexes, C-reactive protein in blood, ESR level, electrocardiography with the calculation of QT interval variability, vectorcardiography and echocardiography. Results. The following correlations were revealed during correlation analysis in the 1st group: inverse, average, and reliable connection between the age and transmittal flow E/A; direct, average connection between the level of DAS and the left ventricular (LV) relative wall thickness; inverse, average connection between the level of the rheumatoid factor and the vectorcardiographic parameter MV-ascent; direct, strong connection between the relative LV wall thickness and the area of loop P on vector cardiography; the inverse, average connection between the LV end-diastolic dimension and the area of loop T. In the second group we revealed a direct, average correlation between the DAS index and the value of the maximum vector according to vectorcardiography; the inverse, strong connection between the transmittal flow E/A and the QT dispersion. Conclusion. In patients with RA and severe secondary OA high disease activity contributes to cardiac structural-geometric remodeling, and with a milder form of secondary OA, it is accompanied by electrophysiological remodeling in the form of an increase in the electrical activity of the ventricles and the risk of malignant arrhythmias.
Key words: ревматоидный артрит, вторичный остеоартроз, эндопротезирование, векторкардиография, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoarthritis, endoprosthetics, vectorcardiography
ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN STUDENTS OF THE SMOLENSK STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Ivanishkina E.V., Krikova A.V., Didenko V.N., Volk S.V., Nankevich I.N., Evseev A.V., Matyyuhina O.A., Kovaleva A.S., Novikova M.E.
UDC: 616-01/-099
Abstract: Objective. To assess the risk of metabolic syndrome in students of Smolensk state medical university based on the study of health status and adherence to a healthy lifestyle (rational nutrition) for the development of measures to prevent the syndrome. Methods. Practical activities of the project included a study conducted by a sociological survey using the original questionnaire. The questionnaire was posted in 2019 on the site using google forms. Sixty students from the medical, pediatric and pharmaceutical faculties of Smolensk state medical university took part in the questionnaire. The results of the study were processed using a mathematical and statistical method. Results. The study revealed that some students of Smolensk state medical university (58%) have a sufficient sleep duration, take food at least 3 times a day, have evening meals 2-3 hours before sleep, with the preference given to self-cooking at home. Some respondents prefer to eat in cafes and canteens. 33% of the respondents consider their diet correct, but recognize the need for dietary nutrition. An obstacle to a rational diet is the lack of time, lack of money and lack of control. 70% of the respondent do not pay attention to the composition of products, the ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and the presence of harmful dietary supplements in their composition. They eat vegetables and fruits 1-2 times a week and fish and meat regularly, but can also eat fast food in limited quantities. The respondents are loyal to sweets, so they are present in the diet almost every day, they drink not less than1 liter of water a day, attend physical education classes or exercise at home, pay great attention to walks in the fresh air and believe that a healthy lifestyle is not only an algebraic amount of factors such as proper nutrition, a sufficient amount of physical loads and lack of bad habits, but also their subtle relationships intertwined with the emotional state. Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to conclude that some students of our university try to adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle, that reduces the likelihood of such a pathological condition as metabolic syndrome and its associated consequences. However, the study revealed the following violations in the structure of the nutritional status: violation of the diet and its balance, insufficient attention to the quality of food, a decrease in the content of vitamins and trace elements from plant raw materials in the diet. All this requires the development, improvement and implementation of educational prevention programs for SSMU students, as well as screening activities, including the study of anamnesis (hereditary burden on excess body weight), analysis of anthropometric indicators, study of carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism, blood pressure and pulse control for early detection of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Key words: метаболический синдром, анкетирование, здоровый образ жизни, metabolic syndrome, questionnaire, healthy lifestyle
RESULTS OF QUESTIONNAIRES OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM PATHOLOGY AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Ivanichkina E.V., Didenko V.N., Krikova A.V., Evseev A.V., Zaitseva V.M., Dmitrieva E.V., Volk S.V., Nankevich I.N.
UDC: 616-01/-099
Abstract: Objective. To make a socio-psychological portrait of patients with the pathology of the hepatobiliary system on the background of alcohol dependence and to identify attitudes to the comsumption of alcohol-containing drinks and its frequency and assess the results of the survey of patients with the pathology of the hepatobiliary system on the background of alcohol dependence. Methods. The questionnaire involved 70 (AUDIT) and 12 (CAGE) people with hepatobiliary system diseases against the background of alcohol dependence. Statistical processing included descriptive statistics. The construction of a trust interval of 95% of DI was carried out according to the formula for shares and frequencies by the Wald method. The validity of the difference in the studied features was assessed using Fisher's angular transformation. Statistical significance was recognized with a probability of 95% (p-0.05). Statistical analysis of the results was performed in Microsoft Excel 16 using the Data Analysis add-on. Results. The portrait of a patient with hepatobiliary system pathology against the background of alcohol dependence is as follows: he or she consumes alcoholic beverages 2-3 times a week with the frequency of 3-4 times a day. The person drinks more than 180 ml of vodka, 750 ml of wine or 1 litre of beer 7 to 10 times. Over 50% of the respondents cannot stop having started to drink. Over the past year the person felt the need to drink in the morning to recover from the previous heavy drink (to get drunk) and feel guilty and/or remorse after a drink, unable to remember what happened the day before, as well as the reason for drinking. He or she considers drinking to be the cause of injuries, both for him/herself and for other people. Surrounding people are concerned about drinking alcohol and suggest to stop it. Primary examination of a patient with alcohol addiction, which includes, among other things, questionnaire, makes it possible to make a socio-psychological portrait of the patient with more objective information, which will help to establish psychotherapeutic contact with the patient, which in turn will increase the result of treatment. Conclusion. It is known that in clinical practice the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease is rarely made. Thus, early assessment of lesions of the hepatobiliary system, including those in persons abusing alcohol using modern information methods of research, is relevant. Screening test and alcoholism questionnaire were used in the study in order to detect violations related to alcohol consumption and allow to diagnose alcohol abuse at the initial stage. In the course of the conducted study a socio-psychological portrait of a patient with hepatobiliary system pathology on the background of alcohol addiction was established, which, in our opinion, is an important part of anamnesis. Patients have alcohol addiction syndrome with a pronounced mental and physical dependence. Some of the patients, critically assessing their condition, noted an increase of tolerance, failures in memory of what was the day before, also kept silent about the outbreaks of anger and excitement, about scandals in the family and disorderly conduct.
Key words: алкоголь, болезни печени, анкетирование, alcohol, liver disease, questionnaire
GERIATRIC SYNDROMES - PREVALENCE, DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION
Podkovina M.I., Kostyuchkova E.S., Bazhenova D.S., Golovanova E.D.
UDC: 616-053.9-07-084
Abstract: Objective. To study the prevalence of geriatric syndromes - senile asthenia and depression in comparison with residents of the city and village of the Smolensk region. Methods. The analysis of health status data obtained using the method of integrated geriatric assessment (CGI) in 380 people (200 patients - residents of the city, 180 patients - residents of the village) were divided into 2 age groups (65-74 years, 75-85 years). In each age group, according to the screening scale “Age is not a hindrance,” the selection of patients with the presumed syndrome of senile asthenia (total score of 3 or more) was performed. The geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), including 15 questions, was used to diagnose depression. Depression was diagnosed with a positive response of 5 or more. Results. In the course of the work, it became clear that the prevalence of senile asthenia syndrome is significantly increased at the age of over 75, which requires correction of drug therapy taking into account the “geriatric component” in the diagnosis structure, but its prevalence is lower in rural residents compared with urban patients. The structure of patients is dominated by women in both age cohorts, regardless of the place of residence. Depression is detected in every third patient aged 65-74 years, and by the age of 75 it occurs in more than half of the patients who are referred to outpatient departments. The presence of senile asthenia significantly affects the prevalence of depression. Conclusions. The high prevalence of the most socially significant geriatric syndromes - senile asthenia and depression requires the widespread introduction in clinical practice of a comprehensive geriatric examination technique for patients of older age groups and the training of primary care physicians in the geriatrics profile to increase the duration of «healthy functioning», reduce mortality and increase the duration of the lives of elderly and senile patients.
Key words: гериатрические синдромы, старческая астения, депрессия, geriatric syndromes, senile asthenia, depression
ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS OF REHABILITATION ACTIONS IN BABIES BORN WITH DELAY OF PRENATAL GROWTH
Ivanov D.O., Derevtsov V.V.
UDC: 616-053.3:618.3-06:612.89
Abstract: Objective. To estimate prospects of rehabilitation actions in babies born with light severity of pre-natal growth delay. Methods. 736 comprehensive examinations of babies were conducted. Since the birth 166 children were under observation, including 72 (gr. 1) with growth ingibition of light severity and 69 (gr. 2) without that, all born from mothers with the burdened somatic and obstetric and gynecologic anamnesis as a result of the complicated pregnancy and childbirth. Almost healthy children born by almost healthy mothers composed the 3rd group - 25 children. The full-term, mature children were examined in 1 (156), 3 (144), 6 (135), 12 (135 children) months. The outcome recording methods were a comprehensive case history analysis, physical examination, assessment of electrocardiography and cardiointervalography, distribution-free statistical analysis methods. Results. A correlation was found (р<0,05) at 2-3 days between the weight and body length (r=0.64), body weight and intraatrial conductivity (r=0.29), body length and intraatrial conductivity (r=0.32), body length and intraventricular conduction (r=0.25), body length and electric systole (r=0.91), intraatrial and atrioventricular conduction (r=0.44); at 1 month between the weight and body length (r=0.57), body length and electric systole (r=0.73), intraatrial and atrioventricular conductivity (r=0.37), intraatrial conductivity and electric systole (r=0.38); at 3 months between the weight and body length (r=0.68), body length and intraventricular conduction (r=0.3), body length and electrical systole (r=0.81), intraatrial and atrioventricular conduction (r=0.5), intraatrial and intraventricular conduction (r=0.39); at 6 months between the weight and body length (r=0.68), body length and electric systole (r=0.9), intraatrial and atrioventricular conductivity (r=0.38); at 12 months between the weight and body length (r=0.62), body length and intraventricular conductivity (r=0.32), body length and electric systole (r=0.91), adaptabilities and intraventricular conductivity (r=0.29), intraatrial and atrioventricular conductivity (r=0.49), intraatrial and intraventricular conductivity (r=0.35). Conclusion. The revealed correlation communications between some studied parameters of health allow doctors to allocate groups of dispensary observation, to diagnose changes at early stages, to carry out differential diagnostics between the beginning of diseases, correctional actions with the assessment of their efficiency.
Key words: замедление внутриутробного роста, адаптация, младенцы, intrauterine growth and development retardation, adaptation, infants
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PARALLELS IN ASCENDING INFECTION OF THE AFTERBIRTH
Sinjukova T.A., Kovalenko L.V., Kasparova A.Je., Mordovina I.I.
UDC: 616-022.1-033; 616-092.18; 618.36
Abstract: Objective. To establish the prognostic significance and correlation between the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of the urogenital tract of pregnant women and the degree of infection of the placenta during its morphological study. Methods. A comparative retrospective / prospective analysis of pregnancy and childbirth in women with signs of infection, based on the morphological study of the afterbirth in comparison with the bacteriological study of the urogenital microbiota and cytological study of the epithelium of the cervical canal. Results. Women in the main study group had statistically significant signs of inflammation in the cervical canal. The microbial flora of the urogenital tract in all pregnant women was represented by conditional pathogens, but at the third stage of infection, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were diagnosed atistically significantly more often. The level of negative bacterial seeding from the placenta of the main group had low sensitivity and high specificity, but morphologically there were signs of ascending infection. The inflammatory process at various stages of ascending infection was characterized from leukocyte infiltration of the decidual layer to diffuse infiltration of placental tissue and Warton jelly of the umbilical cord. At stage 3 of infection of the placenta, signs of circulatory disorders in the placenta, vascular thrombosis of the villi and the interstitial space were more often diagnosed, as well as signs of a systemic inflammatory response and intrauterine hypoxia in the fetus. Conclusions. It is recommended to use modern methods for evaluating microbial markers in pregnant women with a high risk of ascending infection. Clinical signs of chronic vaginitis / vaginosis caused by non-specific polymicrobial flora with a low titer of lactobacilli may cause the development of a typical inflammatory process with its generalization before ascending infection of the afterbirth. Histological examination of the afterbirth is a confirmatory method of ascending bacterial infection
Key words: урогенитальные инфекции, стадии восходящего инфицирования, морфология плаценты, urogenital infections, stages of ascending infection, placental morphology
STUDY OF HUMORAL PROTECTION IN GENERALIZED PАRODONTITIS IN INSULIN-DEPENDENT PATIENTS
Chaykovskaya I.V., Zabrodnyaya V.K.
UDC: 616.314.18-002.4-031.81-097; 616. 379-008.64
Abstract: Objective. Improving the effectiveness of treatment of generalized pаrodontitis in patients with diabetes due to pathogenetically justified use of immunotherapy.Methods. This study recruited a core study group that included 60 insulin-dependent patients with generalized parodontitis. Subsequently, this group was divided into 2 equivalent, randomized subgroups: I (A) subgroup-30 patients, which as part of the complex treatment was assigned to the developed treatment regimen, which included sorbent therapy, immunotherapy, and the author's phytocomposition; and I (B) subgroup - 30 patients, which followed standard methods of complex treatment.Results. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment was assessed by clinical indices and samples in dynamics (before, after, and 6 months after treatment). The obtained and processed results of the study suggest that in the pathogenesis of GP in insulin-dependent patients there is an imbalance of performance of the system of humoral immunity, which is manifested by gipogemoglobinemia and lower concentrations of IL-4 on the background of a sharp hyperimmunoglobulinemia G and M, which correlates with age-related changes and coincides with the data of other researchers.
Key words: генерализованный пародонтит, инсулинзависимый сахарный диабет, иммунотерапия, generalized parodontitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, immunotherapy
DIGITAL AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS (ER, PR) FOR INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMAS IN WHOLE SECTIONS
Kushnarev V.A., Smirnova V.O., Chirsky V.S., Timofeev I.V., Artemyeva A.S., Kudaibergenova A.G., Krivorotko P.V., Semiglazova T.Yu., Semiglazov V.F.
UDC: 616-091.0
Abstract: Objective. We explore digital image analysis algorithms for evaluating estrogen and progesterone receptors on scanned whole sections of breast carcinomas. Methods. Immunohistochemical slides of estrogen and progesterone receptors from 116 cases of invasive non-specific breast carcinomas, G2-G3, HER2 negative, pT1-2N0-1a, were scanned on a Panoramic III histological scanner and the digital images obtained were downloaded to the free software Qupath. Using the Pixel Classifier module, an algorithm for automatic detection of tumor cells was created. Positive cell detection tool was used for counting tumor cells. The data obtained were compared with the data of visual retrospective analysis. Results. A high level of agreement between visual and digital analysis was observed for estrogen receptors (ICC 0,82) and progesterone receptors (ICC 0,72) above 40% of positively stained tumor cells. In 19% of cases (22/116), low reproducibility was noted for estrogen receptors (ICC 0,59), progesterone receptors (ICC 0,38), with a border below 40% of positively stained tumor cells according to the results of visual assessment. Conclusion. Detection of the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor in breast carcinomas is recommended using digital image analysis with a visual assessment below 40% of positively stained tumor cells as a more reproducible method between laboratories.
Key words: цифровой анализ изображений, карцинома, молочная железа, рецепторы эстрогена, рецепторы прогестерона, digital image analysis, carcinoma, mammary gland, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors
A CASE REPORT WITH A CONGENITAL LISTERIOSIS WITH GOOD CLINICAL OUTCOME
Melnikova A.B., Pokusaeva V.N., Gurkina O.V., Kretova M.V., Marinovicheva E.I.
UDC: 616.981.136-036.8
Abstract: Objective. MDs alertness increase regarding congenital listeriosis at birth of a child with manifestations of intrauterine infection. Methods. Clinical and anamnestic analysis of a case of neonatal listeriosis in the form of congenital pneumonia. The method of verification of the pathogen was bacteriological and PCR examination. Results. The newborn realized congenital Listeria pneumonia, having been infected, probably intranatally or just before delivery, from a clinically healthy mother. The only method of identifying the pathogen is bacteriological research. The pathogen is highly sensitive to standard antibacterial therapy used for infectious diseases of newborns. Conclusion. Given the expected increased rise in incidence and increased susceptibility of pregnant women, it is necessary to understand the general clinical symptoms and all cases of intrauterine infection should be considered from the perspective of possible listeriosis.
Key words: беременность, листериоз, новорожденный, лечение, pregnancy, listeriosis, newborn, treatment
MUCOCELE OF THE APPENDIX AS A RARE INTRAOPERATIVE FINDING. CASE REPORT
Kopyov M.V., Tchaikovsky Y.Y.
UDC: 616.346.2-003.4
Abstract: Objective. Consideration of the features of the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of the mucocele of the appendix within the framework of own observation. Methods. The article describes the treatment of a patient admitted to the General Surgery Department with a clinical presentation of acute appendicitis. Intraoperatively, a mucosal cyst of the appendix (mucocele) was detected, complicated by a spillage of the bowel contents into the abdominal cavity. Appendectomy was performed with drainage of the abdominal cavity. Results. Despite the fact that a typical appendectomy, which is considered a fairly simple intervention, represents a saving operation, insufficient toilet of the abdominal cavity can cause the development of a serious complication - pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum. In this case, the postoperative period was uneventful. The patient was discharged on the eleventh day in a satisfactory condition. Conclusion. Mucocele of the appendix, as a finding of rare occurence, is a complex for preoperative diagnostic, because of the absence of specific symptoms and subclinic course of the disease in some instances.
Key words: мукоцеле, киста, аппендикс, острый аппендицит, mucocele, cyst, appendix, acute appendicitis
TACTICS FOR PATIENT MANAGEMENT MITH RUPTURE OF THE EAR OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM IN COMBINATION WITH POLYTRAUMA (CLINICAL CASE)
Pavlova M.V., Zubkov S.K., Bazina I.B., Mamaeva V.A., Nikolskij A.V.
UDC: 616.125.3-089
Abstract: Objective. Discussion of the clinical case of severe concomitant injury with rupture of the ear of the right atrium. Methods. The materials of the medical history, results of clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of examination of a patient who received a severe combined injury, including a rupture of the right atrial auricle, when falling from a height of the second floor were analyzed. Results. Heart injuries are one of the most complex and urgent problems of modern surgery. Among hospitalized patients with severe blunt chest trauma, heart failure is established in 0.3-1.1% of cases with a mortality rate of 74-89. 2%. The article describes in detail the tactics of management, timely, rapid examination and treatment of the patient who received a combined injury with a rupture of the right atrial auricle when falling from a height of the second floor. Surgical operation and therapeutic treatment of severe pneumonia and heart rhythm disorders are described. Conclusions. The described case of polytrauma is one of the most difficult to diagnose. At the same time, the emergency operation played a crucial role in saving the patient's life. Active diagnostic and therapeutic surgical tactics combined with adequate conservative treatment allowed to obtain good results in complicated chest trauma, avoid fatal outcomes and reduce the patient's hospital stay.
Key words: травма сердца, разрыв ушка правого предсердия, кататравма, cardiac trauma, tear of the atrial appendage, catatrauma
FEATURES OF INTRAARTICULAR AND EXTRAARTICULAR FRACTURES TACTICS OF TREATMENT OF IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Doronin N.G., Khoroshkov S.N., Yarigin N.V., Vanin A.A., Boravkov R.I.
UDC: 616-001+616.7
Abstract: Objective. To identify the factors affecting the results of surgical treatment of HIV-infected patients during surgical treatment of intraarticular and extraarticular fractures. Methods. In the period from 2015 to 2019, surgical treatment of 119 HIV-infected patients was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group included 76 patients with extra-articular fractures, the second - 52 patients with intra-articular fractures. Results. The results were evaluated in the average expected time of consolidation of the fracture of the selected location, as well as 6, 12 months from the time of surgery using the algorithm we developed to determine the tactics and method of treating fractures in HIV-infected patients. In the patients of the first group, good results (on the Lyuboshits-Mattis scale) were observed in 53 (69.8%) patients, satisfactory in 22 (28.9%) and unsatisfactory in 1 (1.3%). In the second group, good results were observed in 16 (30.8%), satisfactory - in 27 (51.9%) and unsatisfactory - in 9 (17.3%). The patients in both groups were characterized primarily by non-infectious complications. In the first group, the most characteristic complications were aseptic loosening and migration of metal fixators, as well as delayed consolidation of fractures. The second group was characterized by the rapid progression of deforming arthrosis of the joints, secondary displacement of fragments against the background of bone resorption, as well as the development of the inflammatory process of a predominantly non-infectious etiology. Conclusion. The use of the developed algorithm for determining tactics and treatment in HIV-infected patients with extra-articular fractures, taking into account the effect of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on bone remodeling and soft tissue regeneration, can significantly reduce the number of unsatisfactory treatment results. At the same time, the features of the effect of HIV infection on the condition of cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial fluid determine the nature and risks of postoperative complications in HIV-infected patients. In the future, it is supposed to correct the developed algorithm taking into account the data obtained and conduct a comparative analysis of the treatment results.
Key words: ВИЧ-инфекция, перелом, остеосинтез, осложнения, HIV, fracture, osteosynthesis, complications
FAT EMBOLISM AS ONE OF THE POSSIBLE FACTORS OF VASCULAR THROMBOSIS IN THE LUNGS
Dmitriev I.V.
UDC: 616-005.757.9-005.6
Abstract: Objective. Current data analysis regarding relationships between pulmonary fat embolism and pulmonary vascular thrombosis. Methods. The collection, systematization and analysis of data from modern foreign and domestic literature related to fat embolism and its relationships with pulmonary vascular thrombosis are the basis for this research. Results. This research gave an opportunity to detail the processes occurring in the vessels of the lungs in the presence of fat embolism, thromboembolism of the branches of the pulmonary artery and thrombosis of the pulmonary vessels, both during injuries and other pathological processes. Morphological changes that occurred in patients with the above pathology were reviewed. It was suggested that blood clots can form in the lung vessels after a pulmonary form of fat embolism on a matrix of fat globules. In most cases these blood clots are considered as pulmonary thromboembolism from an obscure source at necropsy, because fat emboli cannot be detected by this time. Conclusions. The presence of fat embolism creates the conditions and provides a matrix for the formation of blood clots in the bloodstream. In this case, thrombosis and thromboembolism with fat embolism can occur both immediately after the implementation of the influence of the etiological factor (trauma, disease), and in days and weeks (second strike). And the formation of blood clots against the background of fat embolism can lead to progressive dystrophic, necrotic and inflammatory changes in the lung tissue, depending on the location, volume and possibilities of additional blood supply. The processes of thrombosis which are specific for post-traumatic fat embolism can occur in other diseases.
Key words: жировая эмболия, тромбоз сосудов лёгких, тромбоэмболия, fat embolism, pulmonary vascular thrombosis, thromboembolism
Molokhova E.I., Tarasevich V.N.
EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION OF COMPOSITION OF REPARATIVE OINTMENTS BASE
Molokhova E.I., Tarasevich V.N.
UDC: 615.454.12
Abstract: Objective. Development of technology and quality аssessment of base for reparative ointments. Methods. Preparation of the ointment base compositions was performed by standard techniques depending on the nature of used auxiliary substances allowed for medical use. The quality assessment of the ointment bases was performed by the following indicators: colloidal and thermal stability, determination of hydrogen index, osmotic activity and rheological indicators. Results. As a result of the comparative analysis of 5 model bases, an emulsion-type formulation including vaseline, vaseline oil, distilled monoglycerides, aerosil and purified water was proposed. For the proposed composition colloidal and thermal stability, pH close to skin, low osmotic activity and rheological indices included in the optimum for dermatological ointments were experimentally established. High reparative activity of both ointment base and serpestene ointment of 0.02% obtained on it was established on the Model of linear wounded rats. Conclusion. Composition of base for repair ointment with pH of base close to human skin and possessing necessary rheological and osmotic characteristics and stability indices was developed. According to the dynamics of healing, inflammation, the proposed base and ointment on it would not disgrace the cream "Aktovegin" and ointment "Bepanten"
Key words: основа мази, репаративное действие, ointments base, reparative action
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND STABILITY OF THE NEW DOSAGE FORM "METRONIDAZOLE»
Zamaraeva A.I., Bessonova N.S., Kobeleva T.A., Sichko A.I.
UDC: 543.42.062:615.07
Abstract: Objective. To study the optical properties of the dosage form "Metronidazole", prepared on a titanium-containing basis; to determine the effect of the gel "Tizol" on the spectral characteristics, stability of the ointment, the completeness of the release of the drug into ethyl alcohol and apply the spectrophotometric method of analysis for the quantitative determination of metronidazole in the object of study. Methods. The study used ethanol solutions of metronidazole, 0.1 mol/l solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, ointment under the conditional name "Metronidazole" containing 1.0% metronidazole in the gel "Tizol". To carry out the study, spectrophotometry was used in the ultraviolet region on a SF-2000 spectrophotometer. Results. Based on the study, it was found that two absorption bands are observed in the absorption spectrum of metronidazole in ethanol. The first one is less pronounced, has a maximum at a wavelength of 226 nm, the second band is more intense with a maximum absorption at λ=312 nm. The absorption minimum on the curve is in the region of 261 nm. On the absorption spectra of the drug together with the gel "Tizol", similar maxima and minima are observed, as in the case of the absence of a base. For the analysis of metronidazole, it is rational to use the region of 308-315 nm, in which many solvents, acids and bases do not absorb light energy. The absorption spectrum of metronidazole in the presence of gel "Tizol" in this area varies slightly. Consequently, the ointment base, partially transferred to an ethanol medium, will not significantly affect the results of the quantitative determination of the drug. The sensitivity of the analysis of metronidazole, expressed through the opening minimum, is equal to 0.291 mcg/ml at A=0.02. The analysis of metronidazole in substance and dosage form by the proposed spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 312 nm using the calibration graph or its equation can be carried out with a relative error of ±1.82%. The study showed that the dosage form "Metronidazole" remains stable for one year. Conclusions. The results of the study can be used to establish the goodness of the ointment at the manufacturing stage, as well as during storage, and are recommended for inclusion in the regulatory documentation in the section of quantitative determination of metronidazole in the drug "Metronidazole".
Key words: метронидазол, тизоль, спектрофотометрия, количественное определение, стабильность мази, metronidazole, tizol, spectrophotometry, quantitative determination, stability of ointment
PHARMACOGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF LEAFLETS OF DIFFERENT COMMON BEAN SORTS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)
Polupanova Yu.V., Kachkin K.V.
UDC: 615.322
Abstract: Objective. To conduct a comparatative pharmacognostic analysis of glumes of separate Phaseolus vulgaris L. sorts that were grown on the territory of the Novosibirsk Region and tea beverage ‘Dari prirodi’, ‘Bean’ Methods. Research subjects are samples of glumes of beans Phaseolus vulgaris L (of different sorts) and tea beverage ‘Dari prirodi’ ‘Bean’ (Manufacturer Ltd ‘LEKRA-SET’). Common bean sorts (‘Romano Gold’, ‘Darina’, ‘Amber’) were grown in the garden (country-side Mochishche, the Novosibirsk Region, NCB, in 2017). The beans were picked up in the ripening stage. The glumes were separated from the seeds and air-dried in the shadow at the air leak till the air-dried basis. Morphologically-anatomical study was conducted under the pharmacopeial methods. General phytochemical analysis was conducted under the common and pharmacopeial methods. The quantity of flavonoids and polysaccharides were identified with the help of pharmacopeial methods. Results. It was found out that microdiagnostic features of the glumes of all the bean sorts coincide with each other, macrodiagnostic features differ in view of sort belonging. It was stated that the quantity of flavonoids (calculated as rutin) is from 0,13 to 0,22%, and as far as polysaccharides are concerned they are from 3,30 to 4,43%. Conclusion. It was stated that the quantity of the polysaccharides in the sample of comparison (bean glumes of tea beverage) is lower than in all the analyzed samples of different sorts of common bean that was grown on the territory of the Novosibirsk Region. The quantity of flavonoids in the analyzed samples is compatible. The obtained results indicate the capability of applying in medicine the leaflets of common bean without identifying its sort belonging.
Key words: фасоль обыкновенная, Phaseolus vulgaris, створки фасоли, макродиагностические признаки, микродиагностические признаки, флавоноиды, полисахариды, common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, bean glumes, macrodiagnostic features, microdiagnostic features, flavonoids, polysaccharides
DEVELOPMENT OF NUMERICAL QUALITY INDICATORS FOR THE STANDARDIZATION OF THE HERB ASTRAGALUS DASYANTHUS L
Pozdnyakova T.A., Bubenchikov R.A.
UDC: 615.322+582.736
Abstract: Objective. To develop numerical quality indicators for the standardization of the herb Astragalus dasyanthus L. Methods. Average samples from 5 batches of raw materials were analyzed. FS 42-533-72 was taken as the basis for developing the numerical indicators of the quality of the herb Astragalus dasyanthus. Such values as moisture, total ash, hydrochloric acid insoluble ash, pulverization, impurity content, determination of the content of extractive substances extracted by water were established for whole, crushed raw materials and powder according to the methods of the corresponding general pharmacopoeial articles of the State Pharmacopoeia 14th edition. Determination of the amount of flavonoids in terms of hyperoside in the herb Astragalus dasyanthus was carried out by direct spectrophotometry. Results. The results of merchandising and chemical analyzes of the herb Astragalus dasyanthus allowed to establish the following quality standards for whole, crushed and powdered raw materials: moisture not more than 13%, total ash content not more than 7%, ash content insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid not more than 2%, content extractive substances extracted by water, at least 25%, the content of flavonoids in terms of hyperoside not less than 1.3%. The degree of grinding for whole raw materials: particles passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 3 mm, not more than 7%; for crushed raw materials: particles not passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 7 mm, not more than 15%, particles passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 0.5 mm, not more than 10%; for powdered raw materials: particles not passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 2 mm, not more than 5%, particles passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 0.18 mm, not more than 5%. The content of impurities for whole and crushed raw materials: raw materials that changed their color (yellowed and darkened) not more than 5%, stems over 3 mm thick not more than 8%, organic impurities not more than 1%, mineral impurities not more than 2%. Conclusions. Numerical quality indicators were developed for the herb Astragalus dasyanthus, allowing for the standardization of whole, crushed and powdered raw materials in accordance with the requirements of modern regulatory documentation for medicinal plant raw materials.
Key words: астрагал шерстистоцветковый, влажность, содержание золы, измельченность, содержание примесей, экстрактивные вещества, флавоноиды, Astragalus dasyanthus L, moisture content, ash content, grinding, impurity content, extractive substances, flavonoids
TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPONENT CONSTITUTION OF THE PLANT COMPOSITION OF ANGIOPROTECTIVE ACTION
Mirovich V.M., Posokhina A.A., Petukhova S.A., Tsyrenzhapov A.V.
UDC: 615.322:582.755
Abstract: Objective. Establishing the optimal ratio of plant components in the composition of angioprotective action. Methods. Justification of the optimal component consists of the plant composition of the angioprotective effect according to the results of the quantitative content of biologically active substances and the effect on antioxidant activity. The quantitative content of flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids were determined spectrophotometrically, ascorbic acid and the amount of polyphenols were determined by the titrimetric methods. The antioxidant activity was studied in in vitro experiments on donor blood serum with the determination of the content of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde. The peroxidation induction was caused by Cu2+ ions. Results. 5 plant compositions containing raw materials of pharmacopeia plants with antioxidant, capillary-strengthening, venotinizing and anti-inflammatory effects were composed. Based on the phytochemical analysis of the extracts of plant compositions, the variant of composition C contained the largest amount of flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids, ascorbic acid, polyphenolic compounds, and extractive substances. A study of the antioxidant activity of the variants also showed the highest activity of composition C. Conclusion. The content of the plant composition of angioprotective action, including the raw materials of 6 pharmacopeia plants, is theoretically substantiated. The optimum ratio of the components in this plant composition containing the highest number of flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids, polyphenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, extractive substances and having high antioxidant activity was experimentally established.
Key words: растительная композиция, антиоксидантная активность, флавоноиды, herbal composition, antioxidant activity, flavonoids
STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCE OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTION
Kompantseva E.V., Lutsenko D.N., Kodonidi I.P., Chervonnaya N.M.
UDC: 615.07:612.17
Abstract: Objective. Study and development of methods for identification of BAS N-[2-[4-oxo-3(4H)-quinazolinyl]propionyl]-guanidine (VMA-10-15). Methods. For chemical reactions, 0.5% aqueous solution of a biologically active substance was used. To determine the sensitivity, the method of successive dilutions for reactions occurring in the solution was used. For reactions with BAS powder, a 0.2% alcohol solution was used, the aliquots of which were successively evaporated dry. All reagents for chemical reactions were prepared according to the OFS.1.3.1.1.0001.15 "Reagents. Indicators" Samples for recording IR spectra were prepared by direct pressing with optically pure potassium bromide and recorded using the IR-Fourier device in the range from 4000 cm-1 to 500 cm-1, according to the OFS.1.2.1.1.0002.15 "Spectrometry in the infrared region". Results. The chemical reactions that allow to confirm the presence of the following functional groups are justified: keto group (solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine); the guanidine residue (Sakaguchi test, Nessler reagent); salt- and complexation reactions (iron (III) chloride solution 5%, silver nitrate solution 2%); amide propionic acid residue (alkaline hydrolysis.) The obtained IR spectra can be used to confirm the authenticity of the BAS in comparison with the CO spectrum or with its attached drawing. Conclusion. To confirm the authenticity of the new BAS (N-[2-[4-oxo-3(4H)-quinazoline]propionyl]-guanidine), the use of chemical reactions for the detection of functional groups is justified. A method of IR spectroscopy was proposed in comparison with the CO spectrum.
Key words: биологически активное вещество, методики идентификации, химические реакции, ИК-спектроскопия, biologically active substance, identification methods, chemical reactions, IR spectroscopy
DUAL-PURPOSE ENTEROSORBENT MADE ON THE BASIS OF THE PRESSED APPLE SKINS
Ryabinina E.I., Nikitina T.N., Zotova E.E., Ponomareva N.I., Terskih A.P.
UDC: 615.015:634.11
Abstract: Objective. To develop the composition of tablets having both sorption and rehydration capacity on the basis of the pressed apple skins (pomace) and to study their characteristics. Methods. Dry pressed apple skins were used as the object of research. Tablets made from dry pressed apple skins powder with the addition of corn starch and several salts (NaCl, KCl, NaCHO) were produced by stamp pressing. The quality of the manufactured tablets was evaluated in accordance with the requirements of the General Pharmacopoeia Article 1.4.1.0015.15 by the following indicators: description, mass homogeneity and disintegration. Determination of the sorption activity of the tablet in relation to zinc and nickel ions was carried out by the titration method using a solution of Trilon B and eriochrome black T indicator. Results. The developed composition of tablets in the ratio of 0,50 g of pressed apple skins, 0,25 g of corn starch, 0,10 g of NaCl, 0,10 g of KCl and 0,05 g of NaCHOmeets the pharmaceutical and technological requirements of the regulatory and technical documentation for this dosage form. The reasonability of using corn starch as an auxiliary substance for obtaining a tableted form of pectin-containing enterosorbent is clearly demonstrated. It is also proved that the addition of an auxiliary substance and electrolytes does not reduce the sorption activity of pressed apple skins in the tablet composition against heavy metal ions. Conclusion. The developed tableted form based on pressed apple skins characterized by a high sorption activity has a number of advantages: natural origin, low toxicity, availability of raw materials, simplicity and cost-effectiveness of manufacturing technology, convenience and ease of use. In addition, the presence of a rehydrating complex of salts in the tablet ensures its use as a dual-purpose drug.
Key words: яблочные выжимки, сорбент, крахмал, регидратирующий препарат, pressed apple skins, sorbent, starch, tablet, rehydrating preparation
MILL.: BOTANICAL, PHARMACOGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PERSPECTIVE USE IN MEDICINE
Bokov D.O., Krasikova M.K.
UDC: 547.9:582.918.24: 615.322
Abstract: Objective. To provide a complete pharmacognostic characterization of Cyclamen coum Mill. ( Myrsinaceae ), to summarize the data concerning its composition and content of biologically active substances presented in the above-ground and underground parts, to report the use of this plant in traditional medicine, to predict possible pharmacotherapeutic effects. Methods. A content analysis of various sources of information was carried out: electronic search engines (Google, Google Academy), scientific literature, electronic databases (e-Library, Pubmed, Cyberleninka, Scopus, Web of Science). Results. Nowadays cyclamen belongs to the Myrsinaceae family. This is a plant of the Mediterranean flora; C. coum inhabits the Caucasus and Crimea, it has rounded leaves and rounded petals of a corolla, bright pink-purple flowers. The chemical composition of the biologically active substances of C. coum is various. It contains saponins (cumoside A, cumoside B, cyclaminorin, deglucocyclamine, cyclacumin and lactone mirabilin), sterols (stigmasterol and other related compounds), piperidine alkaloid (2-β-D-glycopyranosyl-2-undecyl-3,5-dihydroxy- 6-carboxypiperidine), flavonoids, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activity were established for various extracts of C. coum. Conclusion. C. coum can be used in the production of potential anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It should be noted that more pharmacognostic, pharmacological studies are needed for providing further information to use this medicinal plant in official medicine. Also, standardization procedures for a crude herbal drug should be developed.
Key words: деглюкоцикламин, кумозид А, кумозид B, цикламен косский, циклакумин, цикламинорин, deglucocyclamine, coumoside A, coumoside B, Cyclamen coum, cyclacumin, cyclaminorin
ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF PHARMACISTS-ORGANIZERS IN POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
Muslimova N.N., Gribova Y.V., Garifullina G.H.
UDC: 616.15:378.046.4
Abstract: Objective. Consideration of issues of optimization of professional training of pharmacists-organizers in the development of postgraduate education (PG) in Kazan state medical University. Methods. Implementation of pedagogical experiment, consisting of two successive stages to improve the efficiency of the training and optimization of the educational process; their further application in practical pharmacy. Empirical, theoretical and experimental methods of research and analysis of the effectiveness of this process were used; knowledge-oriented and personality-oriented approaches were used. Results. A preliminary sociological study with pharmacists was conducted before the beginning of training cycles with analysis. Further questionnaires for both phases of the experiment were developed in which questions were identified: organisation and frequency of conducting cycles of training, types of classes; the level of professional, organizational and methodical preparation; equipment and conduct of the cycles, the balance of disciplines and topics; proposals for amendments and additions to the cycles; methods of learning; personal qualities, professional interest of the listener and the desire for self-education and self-development, etc. Further a comparative analysis of the indicators of the first and second stages of the experiment at different levels was carried out and clearly presented on the histograms. Conclusion. A qualitative change in the motivation of students to education, professional growth, the desire for self-education and interest in innovation it was revealed. However, there are prospects for improving the educational process and improving these indicators.
Key words: провизоры-организаторы, социологическое исследование, последипломное образование, мотивация, квалификация, профессиональный рост, саморазвитие, pharmacists-organizers, sociological research, postgraduate education, motivation, qualification, professional growth, self-development
PHARMACEUTICAL LITERACY OF OLDER CITIZENS: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS
Shestakova T.V., Kirshchina I.A.
UDC: 615.15
Abstract: Objective. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the pharmaceutical literacy of the urban and rural elderly population of the Perm region (hereinafter referred to as the population), determining the needs of the above groups in pharmaceutical education, identifying preferred options for interaction between citizens and health professionals on pharmaceutical issues and correlating the results with WHO datata. Methods. The study was carried out by means of questionnaires for urban and rural elderly population living in the Perm region, using questionnaires developed by the authors. The study involved 424 urban and 456 rural elderly residents of the Perm region (60-74 years). Results. The analysis revealed that 90.6% of the urban and 58.6% of the rural elderly population have a relatively regular need for information related to pharmacy products. It is noted that 88.7% of urban and 50.7% of rural elderly people are aware of the need to increase the level of pharmaceutical literacy. It was established that pharmacy organizations are the most preferred (from the point of view of the population) place for getting pharmaceutical knowledge for citizens regardless of their place of residence; the urban residents also noted that the centers of medical prevention located in cities (Perm, Solikamsk, Kudymkar, Tchaikovsky) are a convenient institution for improving the pharmaceutical literacy. Conclusion. The authors have identified the need of the elderly population for information of a pharmaceutical nature, established the main characteristics and sources of information used by them in everyday life. Positive data have been reserved for the expediency of pharmaceutical education of the elderly population and the dominant role of pharmaceutical workers in improving the pharmaceutical literacy of elderly citizens has been updated. The results obtained have been verified to be in line with WHO data.
Key words: санитарная грамотность, фармацевтическое просвещение, санитарное просвещение, профилактика, охрана здоровья, фармацевтический специалист, health literacy, pharmaceutical education, health education, prevention, health protection, pharmacist
INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL ANALYSIS OF LIVER CANCER IN THE GOMEL REGION
Konoplianik O.V., Gusakova N.V., Gomoliako A.V., Kulchik E.O., Martemyanova L.A.
UDC: 616.36-006.6(476.6)
Abstract: Objective. Incidence and survival analysis of patients with with primary malignant epithelial neoplasms of the liver in the Gomel region during 2011-2013. Methods. Retrospective analysis of incidence and survival of 217 patients (age from 33 to 89 years, 116 men and 101 women) with primary malignant epithelial neoplasms of the liver during 2011-2013. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric methods, the results were represented as Me (25%; 75%), where Me is the median, 25% is the lower quartile, 75% is the upper quartile. Overall survival determined by the Kaplan-Meier method with the assessment of intergroup differences by the log-rank test. Results. 217 cases of primary liver cancer were registered in the Gomel region, during 2011-2013: men made up 53.5%, women - 46.5%, and the age of the incidence in men was significantly higher. The predominant morphological variant of primary liver cancer was hepatocellular carcinoma. The median survival time of patients with primary liver cancer generally was 5.4 months; in the group of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma - 3.4 months, whereas with cholangiocellular carcinoma survival time was significantly higher - 10.4 months. A significant relationship between the place of residence (urban/countryside) and survival time was revealed in patients with cholangiocellular carcinoma. Conclusion. The features of morbidity and survival of patients with primary liver cancer in the Gomel region for the period 2011-2013 are presented.
Key words: гепатоцеллюлярный, холангиоцеллюлярный, рак печени, заболеваемость, выживаемость, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma, cancer incidence, cancer survival
FAMOUS NAME OF A FORGOTTEN SCIENTIST: PROFESSOR V.A. TIKHOMIROV
Kotikova A.V., Nagornaya S.V., Teremov D.D.
UDC: 61(092)
Abstract: Objeсtive. The aim of the study was to analyze the biography of a most famous scientist-pharmacist, a native of the Smolensk province, Vladimir Andreevich Tikhomirov, as well as to determine his contribution to the development of domestic and world pharmacy. Methods. The work was performed using historical-genetic and problem-chronological research methods. Archival materials, published documentary and literary sources (monographs and scientific articles), as well as materials of local history museums of the Smolensk region were used. Results. Previously unknown facts of V. A. Tikhomirov's biography were discovered, and the scientist's contribution to the development of domestic and world pharmacy and other natural sciences was determined. Conclusion. V.A. Tikhomirov is the founder of the Russian school of pharmacognosts. Vladimir Andreevich was one of the most prominent professors in the field of pharmacy and microbiology, who made a significant contribution to the development of drug technology as a scientific discipline.
Key words: фармация, фармакогнозия, профессор В.А. Тихомиров, pharmacy, pharmacognosy, professor V.A. Tikhomirov
INNOVATIONS IN THE MEDICAL PRACTICE OF THE XIX CENTURY: ENTHUSIASM FOR FASHION OR THE SEARCH FOR SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATIONS?
Cheremushnikova I.K., Chernysheva I.V.
UDC: 618.2 (09)
Abstract: Objective. The aim of the study is reconstruction of the common picture of the medical practice of the XIX century. In connection with this task it is important to take into consideration not only the fundamental scientific theories, which appeared at this time, but also the short-lived fashionable tendencies, which appeared in large quantities and rapidly vanished. Methods. The authors proceed of the methodological approach that medicine is to be considered as the cultural configuration, all elements of which are equally important for understanding of the process of its development. The texts of periodic publications, diaries and memoir literature, practical instruction manuals to the treatment of different diseases, literature texts were used as sources for the study. Results. The review of the fashionable tendencies in medicine of the XIX century represented by the authors, disproves the fact that fashion and medicine are incompatible phenomena and, on the contrary, confirms that the fashion is a universal phenomenon penetrating not only into social and cultural spheres, but also in the professional and scientific ones. Conclusion. Although fashion in medicine usually has “scientific validation” and denies its irrational character, it has the same nature, as fashion of all other spheres. Threat is in the fact that the fashion in medicine rarely undergoes to critical analysis; so it is easy to fall into its trap.
Key words: медицина, модные тенденции, минеральные воды, кровопускание, гомеопатия, medicine, fashion trends, mineral waters, bloodletting, homeopathy
HISTORY, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOVENEREOLOGY, COSMETOLOGY AND CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (ON THE 100TH SSMU ANNIVERSARY)
Torshina I.E.
UDC: 616.5+616.97(091)
Abstract: Objective. To provide a comprehensive analysis of almost a century-long history and activities of the Department of Dermatovenereology, Cosmetology and Continuing Professional Education. Methods. A phased approach in covering historical data on the formation of a dermatological school in Smolensk in the aspect of the development of the Smolensk Medical Institute (then the academy and, at present, the university) and in direct connection with the names of the heads and employees of the department. Archival materials containing data on the founders and successors of the scientific and practical traditions of the department are used, taking into account modern and promising areas of the oldest scientific unit of the Smolensk Medical University. Results. Detailed information on each of the founders and successors of the department is presented, indicating the main scientific works, the results of pedagogical, methodological and practical medical activities of the staff of the department of Dermatovenereology, cosmetology and Continuing Professional Education for the 97-year history of the structural unit. Conclusion. The rich experience of the founders of the department, the skillful preservation and development of traditions by their students and followers allows us to determine the vast accumulated experience of the department as a formed scientific direction of Smolensk State Medical University - Smolensk dermatological school.
Key words: кафедра, дерматовенерология, история, перспективы, department, dermatovenerology, history, prospects