ON THE DANGER OF EPISODIC (RARE) CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL BY YOUNG STUDENTS
Pereverzev V.A.
UDC: 612.391.1-057.87
Abstract: Study aim - to monitor the prevalence of drinking alcohol young students and its impact on academic performance. The study was performed with the participation of 284 medical students at the medical university using standard psychometric tests «AUDIT , «MAST , «CAGE to detect alcohol problems, as well as questionnaires: "General", "academic performance" and others. This study established a high prevalence of alcoholic beverage consumption among students and their lower academic performance. Linear correlation analysis revealed 100% of the significant negative weak or medium strength relationship between the reported dose of exogenous ethanol and decrease (6.8-23.3%) in the grade point average of the alcohol users beginning from the 1st to the 9th semesters. Decrease of academic achievement (grade point average and the number of resit examinations) of students can occur even at a rare (1 time per month) use of alcohol in small amounts (about 20 ml in terms of absolute ethanol at a session and per month). Decrease of the grade point average and the increase in resit examinations among students, who occasionally (rarely) consume small doses of alcohol and scored 1-7 points on the AUDIT scale, indicate the danger of even small quantities of exogenous ethanol. This gives reason to believe that even a one point score on the AUDIT by students (high school or others) should be considered as a risk for development of alcohol-related problems, for the academic performance of the respondent.
Key words: алкоголь, этанол, молодёжь, студент, успеваемость, alcohol, ethanol, young people, students, academic performance
DYNAMICS OF THE PARAMETERS OF MENTAL PERFORMANCE AND FATIGUE DURING MENTAL ACTIVITIES IN STUDENTS WHO CONSUME ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, AND NON-ALCOHOL USERS
Pereverzev V.A.
UDC: 612.821.44-057.87
Abstract: Study aims - to conduct a comparative analysis of the parameters of the state of mental performance and fatigue in sober respondents who episodically consume alcoholic beverages and non-alcohol users after a night rest in course of carrying out prolonged mental work. The study was conducted with the participation of 27 students of the medical university using standard psychophysiological, psychometrical and biochemical methods of analysis of the state of mental performance and fatigue, attitudes of the respondents to alcohol use and level of glycaemia. The level of glycaemia, as well as objective and subjective parameters of mental performance and fatigue and functional state of the respondents were determined at baseline (initial, after the night rest) and in the dynamics of carrying out prolonged mental work on fasting (in a duration of 6 hours) and after 2 hours of rest (following administration of 75 g of glucose). Comparative analysis of the objective parameters of mental performance in young people with different attitudes to alcohol use revealed substantial decrease in the effectiveness of mental performance and increased fatigue of students who use alcoholic beverages. Identification of the peculiarities in sober young people, who episodically consume alcohol, was possible after full night rest and substantial increase of mental work on fasting, and conserved in 52.6% of the sober respondents after 2 hours rest and administration of 75 g of glucose. Over a third of the young respondents who consume alcohol had signs of chronic fatigue or over-work. The identified facts indicate that even low doses of alcohol is unsafe and the necessity of increasing the period of rest of sober people for a full recovery of their functional state and performance after fatigue in daily or weekends after a week-long work.
Key words: учащиеся, студенты, алкоголь, умственная работоспособность, утомление, student, alcohol, mental performance, fatigue
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND ENERGY METABOLISM IN RATS AFTER ACTION OF NEW ANTIHYPOXIC SUBSTANCE
Sosin D.V., Yevseyev A.V., Pravdivtsev V.A., Yevseyeva M.A.
UDC: 612.5:546.23+612.273
Abstract: Oxygen consumption parameters had been studied on rats after introduction per os of the new antihypoxic metal-complex substance℗Q1983 (100 mg/kg) with selenium in structure in experiments with acute exogenous hypoxia that not accompanied by hypercapnia. The value of standard energy metabolism in rat during action of the substance was measured too. The amthizole was used as a substance for comparison in a same dose. It had established that the substance ℗Q1983 significantly slows down the rate of oxygen consumption and, as a result, forms high resistance level to the acute exogenous hypoxia in animal. Probably it was provided by inhibitory effect of the substance on energy processes in organism (twice lower) that was proved in experiments. The comparison substance amthizole had demonstrated the similar action but in mild forms.
Key words: кислород, энергетический обмен, острая гипоксия, крысы, oxygen, energy metabolism, acute hypoxia, rats
INFLUENCE OF SUBSTANCE ΠQ1983 ON BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX IN CYCLIC RESPIRATORY ASPHYXIA
Sosin D.V., Yevseyev A.V., Pravdivtsev V.A., Yevseyeva M.A.
UDC: 615.015+616-001.8
Abstract: The influences of selenium-containing metal-complex substance πQ1983 on dynamic of somatosensory cortex evoked potentials have been studied in experiments on cats during cyclic respiratory asphyxia development. The asphyxia condition was performed in narcotize (aethaminalumnatrium, 40 mg/kg) and muscle relaxed (d-tubocurarine, 0.5 mg/kg) animals by short-term arrest of an artificial pulmonary ventilation device. Periods of asphyxia (min) were alternated with restoration periods (min) in ratios 2.5/3, 3/2.5, 3.5/2, 4/1.5, 4.5/1. Evoked activities of somatosensory cortex were provided by direct electrical current irritations applied to a radial nerve of a right superior extremity. Couple needle-shaped electrodes were used for mean evoked potentials registration. 100 mg/kg of the substance Q1983 was introduced in the stomach 180 min before experiment. It have been established that in the experiment condition the control group mean life-span of cats was 49 min. After ℗Q1983 using the bioelectrical activity of somatosensory cortex kept not less than 170 min. This effect was observed in more severe conditions of the cyclic respiratory asphyxia in comparison with the control group of animals. Therefore, the substance Q1983 have provided 100% survival potential of cats during 4 regimes of the cyclic respiratory asphyxia while only 55.6% of the control group can resist to the weakest regime “2.5/3”.
Key words: периодическая дыхательная асфиксия, соматосенсорная кора, усредненные вызванные потенциалы, антигипоксанты, кошки, cyclic respiratory asphyxia, somatosensory cortex, mean evoked potentials, antihypoxants, cats
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR PATHOLOGICAL DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX IN ADOLESCENTS ACCORDING TO DAILY GASTRIC PH-METRY
Kostyakov S.E., Alimova I.L.
UDC: 616.3-053.2-072
Abstract: The aim of this work was the development of diagnostic criteria for pathological duodenogastric reflux (DGR) in adolescents on the basis of daily pH-metry. Held daily pH monitoring 22 adolescents, 12-17 years old, without organic pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Established criteria for pathological duodenogastric reflux per day: total length of all the GDR, exceeding 24%, the number of reflux is more than 31 and more than 11 with a duration of more than 5 min at night: total length of all duodenal reflux in excess of 14%, and the number of reflux is more than 5 and more than 3, with a duration of 5 min. According to the results we prove that the proposed pH-metric parameters can be used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of pathological DGR, which will contribute to the early detection and timely treatment of pathological DGR in patients with diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Key words: дуоденогастральный рефлюкс, диагностика, суточная рН-метрия, duodenogastric reflux diagnosis, daily pH-metry
CARDIAC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY AS A FACTOR IN THE RISK OF HYPOGLYCEMIA IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES
Demyanenko A.N.
UDC: 616.375-008.64-07-053.2
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the performance features of continuous glucose monitoring in children with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Holter ECG monitoring, cardiointervalography was conducted patients with type 1 diabetes, in which some children diagnosed with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Parallel conducted daily monitoring of blood glucose, the results of which revealed that children with diabetic neuropathy cardiac hypoglycemic states (including asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia) were detected more frequently than in patients without this complication of diabetes.
Key words: сахарный диабет, гипогликемия, кардиальная нейропатия, diabetes, hypoglycemia, cardiac neuropathy
FACTORS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN
Konyshko N.A.
UDC: 616-055.26
Abstract: Study aim is to clarify what psychosomatic, social and constitutionally factors prevail in pregnant women with high blood pressure. Methods: of research. The observation of pregnant women, divided us into four groups. 1 group - pregnant women with gestational hypertension, 2 - women with arterial hypertension (AH), 3 - patients with obesity and high blood pressure and 4 - control group somatically healthy nulliparous women. Estimated social, historical and psychosomatic parameters, quality of life. Conclusions: increased blood pressure in fertile age women is determined by a social factors and psychological mechanisms; the prevalence of smoking as a major behavioral risk factor for various diseases; the state of mental and physical health of women with somatic pathology is characterized by depression, anxiety, sleep disorders.
Key words: артериальная гипертензия, беременные женщины, arterial hypertension, pregnant women
FEATURES OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS USED IN PREGNANT WOMEN LIVING IN SMOLENSK
Krikova A.V., Konyshko N.A.
UDC: 616-055.26
Abstract: The aim of the study - the awareness among women attending antenatal consultation on antihypertensive drugs used during pregnancy. Materials and methods. Questionnaire for patients contained 17 questions that reflect social data of the respondent, quality of life, preferences in drugs, patient awareness about the treatment. In questioning have taken part 132 women Smolensk attending antenatal clinics. Conclusion. Arterial hypertension is a common disease among the population of the Russian Federation, not only the elderly, but also in middle and even younger age. The majority (58.0%) of all women (44.6 millions) suffer from arterial hypertension. Among this number of women pregnant 3.2 millions people. Among the interviewed women attending antenatal clinic women aged 25-35 years (54.4%), with higher education (62.0%), and living in urban areas (73.3%). The vast majority of respondents (52.6%) do not suffer from arterial hypertension, part (35.7%) replied that they did not know about the presence or absence of the disease. In most cases (92.0%) before purchase of medicines for patients consult with your doctor. In rare cases (6%) patients ask for advice from pharmaceutical workers, however, are almost always (90.0%) pharmaceutical staff offers patients to see a doctor. When buying the drug most respondents (62.8%) prefer resident manufacturer.
Key words: гипотензивные средства, беременные женщины, antihypertensive drugs, pregnant women
EXPERTS OPINION ABOUT HYPOTENSIVE DRUGS USED IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Krikova A.V., Konyshko N.A.
UDC: 616-055.26
Abstract: The aim of the research was to investigate the awareness of specialists doctors and pharmacists about antihypertensive drugs used during pregnancy. Methods: a survey on the physicians knowledge about the methods of hypertension treatment in pregnant women, drugs for this pathology treatment, about the awareness of doctors and pharmacists aboute new drugs in the medicines market, as well as the presence on the market new trade names of medicines conducted among physicians and obstetricians-gynecologists maternity departments, antenatal clinics of the Smolensk. Results: Investigational drugs included in the list of vital and essential medicinal products, therefore, the government regulates the prices for the medicines and pharmacies can not sell the medicines at a price higher fixed by the state. Conclusion: All experts are competent specialists in their field. Many physicians small enough experience of work on speciality. With a group of antihypertensive drugs used for hypertension treatment in pregnant women, to a lesser extent were familiar with the Smolensk experts. In practice, the experts meet with these drugs is rarely enough.
Key words: гипотензивные средства, беременные женщины, antihypertensive drugs, pregnant women
INHIBITORS OF THE REGULATORY FACTOR TO HYPOXIA ADAPTATION
Novikov V.E., Levchenkova O.S.
UDC: 615.015:616-001.8
Abstract: The review is devoted to the modern conceptions about role of specific regulatory protein HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha) in the mechanisms of organism tissue adaptation to hypoxia including tumor cells. The issue of target pharmacological influence on HIF-1α activity with help of its inhibitors is discussed in the article. Such approach opens new possibilities of effective pharmacotherapy of oncological, rheumatic and other diseases, which have in their pathogenesis the state of hypoxia and ischemia.
Key words: гипоксией индуцированный фактор (HIF-1α), гипоксия опухолевых клеток, ингибиторы HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), tumor hypoxia, HIF-1α inhibitors
PRESTIGE OF MEDICAL PROFESSION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN FORMING OF PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES FOR STUDENT PERSONALITY
Yevseyev A.V., Pravdivtsev V.A., Yevseyeva M.A.
UDC: 614.23:378.180.6+(071.1)
Abstract: In the article are given actual information that characterized a condition of the public health system and high medical education in Russia. The data have taken during Russian Public Opinion Research Center interrogation of doctors, medical teachers, enrollees, students, and population in 2011. The significance of prestige factor for doctor and medical teacher professions informing of professional qualities for medical student personality in real economic situation was considered comprehensively.
Key words: здравоохранение, медицинский вуз, престиж профессии, студент, преподаватель, врач, public health, medical high school, prestige of profession, student, medical teacher, doctor
TO APPEAL TO THE CONSCIENCE OR TO WAKEN IT?
Farashchuk N.F., Tsyuman Yu.P.
UDC: 614.253
Abstract: In the current climate of spiritual and moral crisis of society as a whole consciousness doctor in his professional activity removed such a thing as a conscience. The concept of "medical services" received in modern health care, almost incompatible with the properties of the soul as mercy and compassion. However, everyone understands that the spiritual and moral component of personality physician should motivate his deeds and actions, not in only in accordance with the laws of various rules of medical ethics, but the main thing - the conscience. Conscience is voice of our inner "I" is an innate sense of each person. But the degree of development and manifestation of the feelings of each individual differs. Therefore, the first task of teachers in medical school in this regard is to awaken in students a feeling of good and evil, disgust from lie, love for one's neighbor. This activity is not directly provided by state of educational standards, but the formation of spiritual and moral competences of graduates from institute of higher medical education needs to start with the first course using this purpose wheatear this meeting with the student audience, as well as organizing and conducting various informal activities within the educational work.
Key words: совесть, студент, врач, духовно-нравственное воспитание, православие, conscience, student, doctor, spiritual and moral education, orthodoxy
MORAL UPBRINGING AT HIGH MEDICAL SCHOOL IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Novikov V.E., Pozhilova E.V., Klimkina E.I.
UDC: 37.034 + 378.1
Abstract: Socio-economic transformations in society, modernization of the Russian educational system have caused substantial changes in the structure of the cultural values of young people. This article discusses the issues of moral upbringing at medical school and proves that harmonious development of either professional qualities and the spiritually-moral culture is important for medical students.
Key words: нравственное воспитание, медицинское образование, высшая школа, moral upbringing, medical education, high school
MORAL ASPECTS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
Novikov V.E., Elizariev E.A.
UDC: 61515+614.27
Abstract: The moral culture of pharmaceutical workers is discussed in the article. Analysis of questionnaire survey of pharmaceutical industry specialists showed that corporate interests of employees drug-stores often prevail over their moral principles. To develop ethical standards and moral principles for work in drug-stores is suggested by authors.
Key words: фармацевтическая помощь, нравственная культура, корпоративная этика, pharmaceutical care, moral culture, corporate ethics
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - “SINGLE-REMOTE APPLICATION” OF STOMATOLOGY?
Kozlov S.N., Zouzova A.P.
UDC: 615.03:616.31
Abstract: The article analyzes the consequence of Clinical pharmacology in teaching of students of the Stomatological Faculty. The methods and forms of the teaching of Clinical pharmacology, methods of control of mastering discipline and the kinds of autonomous worker are discussed.
Key words: клиническая фармакология, стоматология, стоматологический факультет, clinical pharmacology, stomatology, Stomatological Facul
PRACTICAL TRAINING IN THE HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION
Konyshko N.A.
UDC: 614.23
Abstract: Study aim - on the basis of expert opinion analysis of the practical training organization in specialists with higher medical education to optimize its principles and management. Object of study: management cooperation in the students practice organization in Smolensk state medical Academy. Subject of research: the academic work organization and the base of the students practice heads in therapeutics, stomatologists, pharmaceutics, and pediatric departments. Conclusion: administrative cooperation in the field of designing educational and work practices, should be comprehensive in nature and carried out at the levels of decision-making subjects of health care (level of customer), setting, enforcement, interpretation and implementation of the tasks of higher medical education (Executive level), and the wording of consumer order (consumer level), and also control the behavior of field practice (the sphere of interaction of participants).
Key words: практическая подготовка, высшее медицинское образование, practical training, higher medical education
VISION SENSORY SYSTEM - NERUPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS (LECTURE FOR STUDENTS)
Pravdivtsev V.A., Smirnov V.M., Evseyev A.V.
UDC: 612 (075.8)
Abstract: In the lecture the problematics of structure and functioning of the retina, lateral geniculate body, cerebral cortex in consist of the visual sensory system are considered. The structures of the photochemical reactions producing generation of receptor potentials, ganglion cells activation of the retina and excitation dynamics of neurons lateral geniculate body are analyzed. Integrative functions of neurons lateral geniculate body as a result of modulating influences of the visual cortex and the mesencephalon reticular formations are discussed. The organization of simple, complex, and hypercomplex receptive fields of the visual neurons cortex is described in detail. The role of sensory experience for reception of complete visual perception of an environment objects is marked. Clinical role of the visual agnosias problem after visual cortex damages is underlined.
Key words: зрительная система, сетчатка, наружное коленчатое тело, зрительная кора, рецептивные поля зрительных нейронов, зрительные агнозии, vision sensory system, the retina, lateral geniculate body, vision cortex, vision cortex neuron receptive fields, vision agnosias
DISCOVERY: LAW OF BIOPOLYMER HYDRATION DEGREE CHANGING IN ANIMAL BLOOD DURING ADAPTATION TO EXTERNAL FACTORS
Faraschuk N.F.
Abstract: The unknowing relationship of biopolymer hydration degree change in animal blood has been established in experiment during their adaptation to external factors. It explained by the development of stress-reaction after different external actions (temperature, radiation, intoxication, physical hyperactivity and so forth) during period of fast adaptation the degree of biopolymers hydration increases in stage of resistance and decreases in stage of exhaustion, and reaches the more high level than in norm as a result of prolonged adaptation, and decreases during desadaptation period.
Key words: гидратация, биополимеры, стресс, адаптация, дезадаптация, hydration, biopolymers, stress, adaptation, desadaptation